It is also a seat for the National Library of Russia and a planned location for the Supreme Court of Russia, as well as the home to the headquarters of the Russian Navy, and the Western Military District of the Russian Armed Forces. In modern times, the city has the nickname of being 'the Northern Capital of Russia' and is home to notable federal government bodies such as the Constitutional Court of Russia and the Heraldic Council of the President of the Russian Federation. It is considered an important economic, scientific, and tourism centre of Russia and Europe. Īs Russia's cultural center, Saint Petersburg received over 15 million tourists in 2018.

After the October Revolution in 1917, the Bolsheviks moved their government to Moscow.

It served as a capital of the Tsardom of Russia, and the subsequent Russian Empire, from 1713 to 1918 (being replaced by Moscow for a short period of time between 17). In Russia, Saint Petersburg is historically and culturally associated with the birth of the Russian Empire and Russia's entry into modern history as a European great power. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on on the site of a captured Swedish fortress, and was named after apostle Saint Peter. As Russia's Imperial capital, and a historically strategic port, it is governed as a federal city. Saint Petersburg is the fourth-most populous city in Europe after Istanbul, Moscow and London, the most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. The city had a population of roughly 5.4 million residents as of 2020. It is situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), is the second-largest city in Russia.

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